不同生态因子对生物结皮中土生绿球藻生长的影响

通过对生物结皮中土生绿球藻(Chlorococcum humicola)的分离、纯化及培养,初步探讨了pH、光照强度、温度和3种不同浓度的K ,Ca2 ,Mg2 等因子对土生绿球藻生长的影响.结果表明:pH和温度对土生绿球藻生长的影响极显著,Ca2 ,Mg2 浓度影响显著,K 和光照强度影响不显著.最适pH为 12,最适温度是25 ℃,Ca2 和Mg2 的最适浓度分别为1.77×10-4 mol/L和2.04×10-5 mol/L.其研究结果将为生物结皮的进一步人工培养奠定理论基础.     

荒漠草原不同放牧制度对土壤理化性质的影响

在短花针茅荒漠草原对比研究了划区轮牧和自由放牧两种放牧制度对草地土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明：划区轮牧与自由放牧相比,表层土壤容重下降、孔隙度增加、土壤机械组成优化;划区轮牧表层土壤质地有所改善;土壤中全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾以及有机质含量均较自由放牧区有所提高。     

人为影响下古尔班通古特沙漠小尺度生态环境变化

随着沙漠中油气资源勘探开发、公路建设和重大工程相继实施 ,对生态环境的人为影响日益加深。本文以重大工程实验点为例 ,通过研究对比工程影响区内人工沙垄和自然沙垄的砂质新成土理化性状和植被群落特征 ,指出了沙漠生态环境在人为干扰下发生的一系列变化 ,以及受损生态环境在人们采取积极补救措施的情况下所具有的自然修复能力     

Microphytic crusts,shrub patches and water harvesting in the Negev Desert: the Shikim system

Human-made contour banks are a central component of theShikim water harvesting system in Israels Negev Desert.Efficient water capture depends on the presence of a stable microphytic crustwhich directs surplus surface runoff into the banks where it is stored. We usedsimulated rainfall to examine the impact of soil surface disturbance on runoffand sediment transport, and the effect of this on the efficiency of resourcecapture within the Shikim system. Two disturbance regimes:1) removal of the microphytic crust only, and 2) removal of the crust and shrubpatches by cultivation, were compared with an undisturbed control. In theundisturbed state, 32% of rainfall was redistributed as runoff. This runoffpenetrated approximately 27% deeper under the shrub patches compared with themicrophytic crust. When the microphytic crust was destroyed by simulatedtrampling, the runoff coefficient declined to 13%, and there was no significantdifference in water penetration between shrub and crust patches. Completedestruction of the shrub hummocks and crust by cultivation resulted in adeclinein the runoff coefficient to 6%. The result of sustained disturbance in thesepatchy Negev shrublands is a breakdown in spatial heterogeneity, a loss ofecosystem function, a reduction in ecosystem goods and services such as plantdiversity and production, and ultimately a reduction in pastoral productivity.These results reinforce the view that microphytic crusts are critical for theefficient operation of the Shikim water harvesting system.Given that practices such as cultivation and trampling which disturbmicrophyticcrusts result in enhanced infiltration, crusts should be left intact tomaximisethe water harvesting efficiency in these desert landscapes.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

甘肃省玛曲县沙漠化土地治理探讨

评价了玛曲县的生态地位,论述了生态环境现状及生态环境恶化的成因,提出了治理生态环境的建议,并分析了治理效益.     

毛乌素沙地典型地形断面土壤水分动态

基于毛乌素沙地的野外观测资料,对毛乌素沙地典型地形断面土壤水分动态进行分析。结果表明,土壤水分季节变化可划分为土壤水积聚期、消耗期和稳定期;根据土壤水分垂直变化可把土壤剖面划分为土壤水分易变层、利用层和调节层;沿着坡度减小的方向,各地形断面对应层次的土壤水分含量逐渐升高,丘间地土壤水分含量明显高于该断面上其余各点。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地水盐动态的研究

自１９９４年塔中开始绿地建设以来,绿地长期使用高矿化度的地下水灌溉,局部地区出现积盐,盐分积累问题成为人们关注的焦点,本语文立足于几年来对绿地土壤水盐连续观测的资料,对水盐动态规律进行总结,提出在沙漠腹地长期高矿化度水灌溉,并不会靠民土壤大面积积盐结论。     

乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘不同部位水分动态研究

通过对乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘的不同部位沙土含水量的测定研究，结果表明：（1）乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘3个不同部位的水分垂直变化趋势是一致的，0～60cm含水量变化幅度大，60～100cm变化幅度小，含水量最大值出现在20～60CITI，降雨主要影响60cm以上的沙土水分；（2）3种部位在时间变化上都表现为4～5月含水量最小，从6月开始含水量升高；（3）迎风坡含水量较其他部位大0．65％～0．9％，较背风坡大1．8％～2．5％，其他部位较背风坡大1％～1．7％，且3种地貌部位20～60cm处较80cm和100cm处有较大差异，同时迎风坡的变化幅度最大。     

干旱区绿洲农业生态经济系统结构与功能分析—以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的墨玉县为例

在分析国家和新疆自治区重点扶持的贫困县———墨玉县农业生态系统的水土资源结构、农业种群结构和产业结构的基础上,对其绿洲农业生态经济系统进行了能量流、物质流和价值流的分析。结果显示其水土资源结构不平衡、种群结构单一、产业结构不甚合理,决定了绿洲功能较差,产投比低下的特点,并据此从可持续发展的角度提出了以发展生态农业为中心,改善绿洲农业生态经济系统结构并提高其功能的对策与建议。     

毛乌素沙地中几种植物水分特性的研究

用ＬＩ－１６００稳态气孔计研究了我国干旱半干旱地区毛乌素沙地恢复重建生态系统中几种主要植物的蒸腾作用及产量比较。结果表明：羊柴平荐处理后,生长旺盛,蒸腾速率加快,提高;日本大粒莉麦可利用较深层地下水分,维持旺盛的生长活动,